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Is the Reading Guide to the Book of Concord Exhaustive

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Celebrated doctrinal standard of the Lutheran Church

The Book of Concord
Concordia, Dresden 1580 - fba.jpg

Title folio from the 1580 High german edition
Author

Jakob Andreae and Martin Chemnitz (compilers)
Country Federal republic of germany
Linguistic communication German language
Subject

Lutheranism
Doctrine of the Lutheran Church

Published 1580

The Book of Concord (1580) or Concordia (frequently referred to as the Lutheran Confessions ) is the historic doctrinal standard of the Lutheran Church, consisting of ten credal documents recognized as administrative in Lutheranism since the 16th century. They are also known as the symbolical books of the Evangelical Lutheran Church.[1]

The Book of Concord was published in German on June 25, 1580 in Dresden, the fiftieth anniversary of the presentation of the Augsburg Confession to Emperor Charles 5 at the Diet of Augsburg. The administrative Latin edition was published in 1584 in Leipzig.[2]

Those who accept it equally their doctrinal standard recognize it to be a faithful exposition of the Bible. The Holy Scriptures are set forth in The Book of Concord to be the sole, divine source and norm of all Christian doctrine.[three]

Origin and system [edit]

The Book of Agree was compiled by a group of theologians led by Jakob Andreae and Martin Chemnitz at the bidding of their rulers, who desired an finish to the religious controversies in their territories that arose amidst Lutherans later on the death of Martin Luther in 1546.[iv] It was intended to replace German territorial collections of doctrinal statements, known as corpora doctrinæ (bodies of doctrine) like the Corpus doctrinæ Philippicum or Misnicum. This aim is reflected by the compilers' not calling information technology a corpus doctrinæ although it technically is one.[5] The listing of writings predating the Formula of Concord that would exist included in The Book of Agree are listed and described in the "Rule and Norm" section of the Formula.[6]

Following the preface written by Andreae and Chemnitz (1578–80)[7] the "Three Ecumenical Creeds" were placed at the beginning in order to show the identity of Lutheran educational activity with that of the ancient Christian church.[8] These creeds, the Apostles' Creed, Nicene Creed, and Athanasian Creed, were formulated before the East-West Schism of 1054, but the Nicene Creed is the western version containing the filioque.

The other documents come from the earliest years of the Lutheran Reformation (1529–77). They are the Augsburg Confession, the Amends of the Augsburg Confession, both by Philipp Melanchthon, the Small and Large Catechisms of Martin Luther, his Smalcald Articles, Melanchthon's Treatise on the Power and Primacy of the Pope, and the Formula of Concur, which was composed before long before the publishing of the Book of Concord and intended for the same purpose: the pacification and unification of the growing Lutheran movement. The preface of the Book of Concord was considered to be the preface of the Formula of Concord as well.[7]

The Augsburg Confession has singular importance

as the unanimous consensus and exposition of our Christian faith, particularly against the imitation worship, idolatry, and superstition of the papacy and against other sects, and as the symbol of our time, the commencement and unaltered Augsburg Confession, which was delivered to Emperor Charles V at Augsburg during the great Diet in the twelvemonth 1530 ...[9]

A recent book on Lutheranism asserts, "To this day ... the Augsburg Confession ... remains the basic definition of what information technology means to be a 'Lutheran.'"[10] The Amends, the Smalcald Manufactures, the Treatise, and the Formula of Concord explain, defend, or serve equally addenda to The Augsburg Confession. [11]

Contents [edit]

  • Preface (1579)
  • The Three Ecumenical creeds.
    • The Apostles' Creed
    • The Nicene Creed
    • The Athanasian Creed
  • The Augsburg Confession of 1530
  • The Apology of the Augsburg Confession (1531)
  • The Smalcald Manufactures of Martin Luther (1537)
  • Treatise on the Power and Primacy of the Pope (1537)
  • The Small Canon of Martin Luther (1529)
    • Luther'due south Marriage Booklet (1529) and Baptism Booklet (1526) were included as part of the Small Catechism in a few of the 1580 editions of the German language Book of Concord[12]
  • The Large Catechism of Martin Luther (1529)
  • Epitome of the Formula of Hold (1577)
  • The Solid or Thorough Declaration of the Formula of Agree (1577).
    • The Catalog of Testimonies was added every bit an appendix in most of the 1580 editions.

Context in Christendom [edit]

The simple Latin title of the Volume of Concord, Concordia, (Latin for "an agreeing together"[13]) is fitting for the graphic symbol of its contents: Christian statements of faith setting along what is believed, taught, and confessed by the confessors "with 1 heart and phonation." This follows St. Paul's directive: "that you all speak the same thing, and that there be no divisions among you lot, but that you exist perfectly joined together in the same mind and in the aforementioned judgment." (ane Cor. i:ten)(NKJV). The creeds and confessions that constitute the Book of Concord are not the private writings of their various authors:[14]

Inasmuch, however, as they are in complete agreement with Holy Scripture, and in this respect differ from all other particular symbols (i.e., denominational creeds and credal statements), the Lutheran confessions are truly ecumenical and catholic in graphic symbol. They contain the truths believed universally by true Christians everywhere, explicitly past all consistent Christians, implicitly fifty-fifty by inconsistent and erring Christians. Christian truth, beingness one and the same the world over is none other than that which is institute in the Lutheran confessions.[fifteen]

Contemporary subscription [edit]

To this twenty-four hour period the Volume of Concord is doctrinally normative among traditional and conservative Lutheran churches, which crave their pastors and other rostered church workers to pledge themselves unconditionally to the Book of Concord.[16] They oftentimes identify themselves as "confessional Lutherans." They consider the Book of Concord the norma normata (Latin, "the normed norm") in relation to the Bible, which they consider the norma normans (Latin, "the norming norm"), i.e. the only source of Christian doctrine (God'due south authoritative discussion). In this view the Book of Concur, on the topics that it addresses, is what the church building authoritatively understands God's authoritative word to say. This is also called a "quia" (considering) subscription to the Lutheran confessions, i.e. one subscribes because the Book of Concord is a true-blue exposition of the Scriptures.

Information technology implies that the subscriber has examined the Lutheran confessions in the lite of the Scriptures in order to make it at this position, which in the subscriber'southward view does not crave the disclaimer implied in a "quatenus" (insofar as) subscription. One who subscribes the Lutheran confessions quatenus, insofar as they are a true-blue exposition of the Scriptures, believes that there might be contradictions of the Scriptures in them. In some cases this is the manner of subscription of some other Lutheran churches,[ which? ] which regard the Book of Agree every bit an important witness and guide to the historical teachings of the Lutheran Church although not necessarily doctrinally binding.

English translations [edit]

English translations of individual documents of The Volume of Concord, notably The Augsburg Confession, were bachelor since the 16th century.[17] The first consummate English language translation of The Book of Concord was the 1851 Henkel edition followed by a second edition in 1854. These volumes included historical introductions.

Henry Due east. Jacobs and others published the side by side English language version in 1882 with a revised "People's Edition" in 1911. The 1882 edition was accompanied by a companion volume that contained historical introductions and English translations of other documents illustrative of the history of The Book of Concord.

The third complete English translation was published in 1921 as a jubilee observance of the 400th ceremony of the Reformation (1917) forth with the German language and Latin texts as the Concordia Triglotta: The Symbolical Books of the Ev. Lutheran Church building, German language-Latin English edited past Friederich Bente.[18] This edition introduced the practice of inserting in square brackets the translations of variant readings of either the Latin translation of the German or the German translation of the Latin text. A smaller edition with only the English text was also published.

The differences of the German translation of The Apology of the Augsburg Confession from the original Latin text were made apparent by Bente'due south insertion within square brackets of the variant readings of his English translation of the German text into the chief body of his translation of the original Latin text. Justus Jonas, who had originally translated the Apology from Latin into German language, made use of both the quarto and the octavo editions. The other reason for the differences is the "looseness" of the Jonas translation that is more like a paraphrase than a translation.[19]

With the appearance of the 1930 Bekenntnisschriften disquisitional text a new English version was deemed desirable. This was begun but left unfinished past John C. Mattes, who died in 1948. In 1959, the "Tappert" edition was produced, with Theodore 1000. Tappert equally general editor and translator and with Jaroslav Pelikan, Robert H. Fisher, and Arthur Carl Piepkorn every bit additional translators.[20] This edition discontinued the do of inserting translations of variant readings in foursquare brackets.[21] However, it began the practice of providing the translations of both the German language and Latin texts of the Augsburg Confession since both texts of that confession are considered authoritative. The mode of presentation was the translation of the German text on the peak of the page, that of the Latin on the lesser.

An extensive revision of the Tappert edition was published in 2000, translated and edited past Robert Kolb and Timothy J. Wengert. As with the Tappert edition, the "Kolb-Wengert Edition" was translated by scholars from 2 different Lutheran denominations (Kolb of the Lutheran Church building–Missouri Synod and Wengert of the Evangelical Lutheran Church building in America).[22] This edition provided the translations of both German language and Latin texts of the Augsburg Confession on alternating pages. The translation team also included Eric Gritsch, Charles Arand, William Russell, James Schaaf, and Jane Strohl.

The Kolb-Wengert edition exhibits one of the difficulties in the translation of The Apology of the Augsburg Confession. Two editions of The Amends were published in 1531, namely, the "quarto edition" and the "octavo edition", which are so designated based on the format in which they were printed.[22] The quarto edition was printed with the first publication of The Augsburg Confession in April or May 1531; hence, the name "editio princeps" ["first edition"]. The octavo edition followed in September, 1531.[23]

The Kolb-Wengert translation of The Apology of the Augsburg Confession uses the later octavo edition text of 1531 rather than the earlier quarto edition text of 1531, with the variant readings of the quarto edition appearing in italics. The Tappert edition had used the quarto edition as the basis of its translation.[24] The editors and translators of the Kolb-Wengert edition decided to use the octavo edition as the main source for their translation because they believed the octavo edition was the official text of The Apology. This is the position of the German scholar Christian Peters, who claimed the quarto edition was merely a stage on the way to a definitive text, i.due east. the octavo edition.[25]

The octavo edition Latin text was utilized in a private Latin edition of The Book of Concord in 1580.[23] Scholars question whether or not this octavo edition text tin be considered the text approved by the Lutheran Church in the 16th century.[26] The official 1584 Latin Book of Concord has the quarto edition text as its text of The Apology of the Augsburg Confession.[23] Some other notable characteristic of the Kolb-Wengert edition is the setting off of "the filioque" of the Nicene Creed in square brackets.[27]

The most contempo English version of the Volume of Concord was published in 2005 to commemorate the 425th anniversary of its publication and the 475th anniversary of the presentation of The Augsburg Confession. Entitled Concordia: The Lutheran Confessions—A Reader'due south Edition of the Book of Concord, it is a revision of the English language text of the Concordia Triglotta and was edited by Paul T. McCain, Edward A. Engelbrecht, Robert C. Bakery, and Gene E. Veith.[28] A second edition followed in 2006.

Editions available [edit]

  • Die Bekenntnisschriften der evangelisch-lutherischen Kirche. Herausgegeben in Gedenkjahr der Augsburgischen Konfession 1930. twelfth edition. Göttingen: Vandenhoek & Ruprecht, 1998. ISBN 978-three-525-52101-4 (Critical text of the original German language and Latin Book of Agree)
  • The Book of Concord: The Confessions of the Evangelical Lutheran Church. Theodore G. Tappert, translator and editor. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1959. ISBN 0-8006-0825-9. (First English language translation of The Book of Concord texts as published in Die Bekenntnisschriften) [Chosen "Tappert" or the "Tappert Edition" for short]
  • The Book of Concord: The Confessions of the Evangelical Lutheran Church. Robert Kolb and Timothy J. Wengert, editors. Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress Printing, 2000. ISBN 0-8006-2740-7. (Second English translation of The Volume of Concord texts equally published in Die Bekenntnisschriften.
  • Concordia: The Lutheran Confessions — A Reader's Edition of the Book of Hold. Paul Timothy McCain, general editor. second edition. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 2006. ISBN 0-7586-1343-ane. (A modern language version of the English text of Concordia Triglotta, St. Louis: CPH, 1921 interspersed with explanatory notes)
  • Concordia Triglotta: The Symbolical Books of the Ev. Lutheran Church, High german-Latin-English. F. Bente, editor. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1921. (This trilingual version has recently been reprinted by Concordia Publishing Business firm.)

References [edit]

  1. ^ F. Bente, ed. and trans., Concordia Triglotta, (St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1921), p. i.
  2. ^ F. Bente, ed. and trans., Concordia Triglotta, (St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1921), p. 5.
  3. ^ Formula of Concord, Paradigm, Rule and Norm, ane (Bente, 777).
  4. ^ Robert Kolb et al., The Book of Agree: The Confessions of the Evangelical Lutheran Church building, (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2000), 481-485.
  5. ^ F. Bente writes in his Historical Introductions to the Symbolical Books of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, §1: "Volume of Agree, or Concordia, is the title of the Lutheran corpus doctrinae, i.e., of the symbols recognized and published under that proper name past the Lutheran Church building" (F. Bente, ed. and trans., Concordia Triglotta, St. Louis: Concordia Publishing Firm, 1921, p. 3). The German Wikipedia article de:Konkordienbuch states: "In diesem Sinne kann es auch als Kanon oder Corpus doctrinae der lutherischen Kirche bezeichnet werden": "In this sense information technology can also exist described as the catechism or corpus doctrinæ of the Lutheran Church." The Kolb-Wengert edition of the Book of Concord states: "The authors of the Formula of Concord responded to objections from followers of Melanchthon who treasured the Corpus doctrinae Philippicum, and therefore they did non utilize the term corpus doctrinae when they prepared the Formula for publication with the ancient creeds of the church building, the Augsburg Confession and its Apology, and Luther'south Smalcald Manufactures and Catechisms after the completion of the Formula in 1577" (Robert Kolb and Timothy J. Wengert, eds. and trans., The Book of Concord: The Confessions of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, Minneapolis: Fortress Printing, 2000, p. 2).
  6. ^ Theodore K. Tappert, trans and ed. The Book of Hold: The Confessions of the Evangelical Lutheran Church building, (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1959), 503-506; Kolb, 526-529.
  7. ^ a b Tappert, 3, footnote i.
  8. ^ Tappert, 17; Kolb, 19.
  9. ^ Tappert, 465.
  10. ^ Robert Kolb and Charles P. Arand, The Genius of Luther's Theology: A Wittenberg Way of Thinking for the Gimmicky Church, (Thou Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2008), sixteen.
  11. ^ Kolb, 8, note nine; 97-98; 287ff.; 319; 465; 504-505.
  12. ^ Run across The Volume of Agree, edited past Kolb and Wengert (2000) and the second edition of Concordia: The Lutheran Confesions (2006).
  13. ^ Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980), 402.
  14. ^ F. Bente, Historical Introduction to the Lutheran Confessions, St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House: 1921, pp. iii, 23, 24, 46, 247; Edmund Schlink, Theology of the Lutheran Confessions, Paul F. Koehneke and Herbert J. A. Bouman, trans., (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1961; reprint, St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 2004), xvii–18.
  15. ^ Schlink, p. 3 words in square brackets added for clarity.
  16. ^ C. F. Westward. Walther, Why Should Our Pastors, Teachers and Professors Subscribe Unconditionally to the Symbolical Writings of Our Church building
  17. ^ The Volume of Concord: The Confessions of the Evangelical Lutheran Church building, Theodore Chiliad. Tappert, editor, (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1959), v.
  18. ^ The Book of Concord: The Confessions of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, Robert Kolb and Timothy J. Wengert, eds., (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2000), vii-eight.
  19. ^ Roland F. Ziegler, "The New English Translation of The Book of Concord (Augsburg/Fortress 2000): Locking the Barn Door After ...," Concordia Theological Quarterly, 66 (April 2002) 2:150.
  20. ^ The Book of Agree: The Confessions of the Evangelical Lutheran Church building, Robert Kolb and Timothy J. Wengert, eds., (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2000), eight.
  21. ^ The Book of Concord: The Confessions of the Evangelical Lutheran Church. Theodore K. Tappert, translator and editor, (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1959), iii.
  22. ^ a b The Volume of Hold: The Confessions of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, Robert Kolb and Timothy J. Wengert, eds., (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2000), 107-109.
  23. ^ a b c The Book of Concord: The Confessions of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, Robert Kolb and Timothy J. Wengert, eds., (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2000), 108.
  24. ^ The Book of Concord: The Confessions of the Evangelical Lutheran Church building, Robert Kolb and Timothy J. Wengert, eds., (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2000), 108-109.
  25. ^ Christian Peters, Apologia Confessionis Augustanae. Untersuchungen zur Textgeschichte einer lutherischen Bekenntnisschrift, (Stuttgart: Calwer Verlag, 1997); cf. Roland F. Ziegler, "The New English Translation of The Book of Concord (Augsburg/Fortress 2000): Locking the Barn Door After ...," Concordia Theological Quarterly, 66 (April 2002) 2:150.
  26. ^ Roland F. Ziegler, "The New English Translation of The Book of Concord (Augsburg/Fortress 2000): Locking the Befouled Door After ...," Concordia Theological Quarterly, 66 (Apr 2002) 2:150-151.
  27. ^ The Volume of Concur: The Confessions of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, Robert Kolb and Timothy J. Wengert, eds., (Minneapolis: Fortress Printing, 2000), 23; cf. Roland F. Ziegler, "The New English language Translation of The Book of Concord (Augsburg/Fortress 2000): Locking the Barn Door After ...," Concordia Theological Quarterly, 66 (April 2002) 2:149-150.
  28. ^ Concordia: The Lutheran Confessions, Paul McCain, ed., St. Louis, MO: Concordia Publishing House, 2005.

Bibliography [edit]

  • Bente, Friedrich. Historical Introductions to the Symbolical Books of the Evangelical Lutheran Church building (1921). New reprint edition. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1995. ISBN 0-570-03262-eight.
  • Cook, Martin L. The Open up Circle: Confessional Method in Theology. Minneapolis, Minn.: Fortress Printing, 1991. xiv, 130 p. N.B.: Discusses the place of Confessionalism in Lutheranism and in other Protestant thought. ISBN 0-8006-2482-3
  • Fagerberg, Holsten. A New Wait at the Lutheran Confessions (1529–1537). Translated by Gene Lund. Paperback Edition. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing Firm, 1988. ISBN 0-570-04499-v.
  • Forell, George W. The Augsburg Confession: A Contemporary Commentary. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing Firm, 1968. LOC 68-25798.
  • Formula of Hold, The: Quadricentennial Essays. The Sixteenth Century Periodical viii (1977) no. iv. ISSN 0361-0160.
  • Grane, Lief. The Augsburg Confession: A Commentary. Translated by John H. Rasmussen. Minneapolis, Augsburg Publishing House, 1986. ISBN 0-8066-2252-0.
  • Kolb, Robert and Charles P. Arand. The Genius of Luther'south Theology: A Wittenberg Way of Thinking for the Contemporary Church. K Rapids, Michigan: Baker Bookish, 2008. ISBN 978-0-8010-3180-9.
  • Kolb, Robert and James A. Nestingen, eds. Sources and Contexts of The Book of Concord. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2001. ISBN 0-8006-3290-vii.
  • Robert Kolb: Die Konkordienformel. Eine Einführung in ihre Geschichte und Theologie, Oberursler Hefte Ergänzungsband 8, Edition Ruprecht, Göttingen 2011, ISBN 978-3-7675-7145-7
  • Preus, Jacob A.O. The 2nd Martin: The Life and Theology of Martin Chemnitz. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 2004.
  • Preus, Robert D. and Wilbert H. Rosin, eds. A Contemporary Look at the Formula of Concord. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1978. ISBN 0-570-03271-seven.
  • Preus, Robert D. Getting Into the Theology of Agree. Reprint. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 2004.
  • Preus, Robert D. Theology of Post-Reformation Lutheranism: Book I. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1972. ISBN 0-570-04545-2.
  • Reu, Johann Michael. The Augsburg Confession. Reprint. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1995.
  • Schlink, Edmund. Theology of the Lutheran Confessions. Translated by P. Koehneke and H. Bouman. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1961. Reprint, St. Louis: Concordia Publishing Business firm, 2004.
  • Schmauk, Theodore. The Confessional Principle and the Confessions of the Lutheran Church. Translated by C. Theodore Benze. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing Business firm, Reprint 2005.
  • The Sixteenth Century Journal 11 (June 25, 1980) no. 3: 450th Anniversary Augsburg Confession. ISSN 0361-0160.
  • Wengert, Timothy J. A Formula for Parish Do: Using the Formula of Concord in Congregations. M Rapids: Eerdmans Publishing, 2006. ISBN 0-8028-3026-9.
  • Ziegler, Roland F., "The New Translation of the Book of Concord: Closing the befouled door after..., Concordia Theological Quarterly 66 (April 2002) 2:145-165.

External links [edit]

  • Article on Lutheran Confessions in the Christian Cyclopedia
  • Lutheran Scholarly and pastoral essays on the Lutheran Confessions from the Wisconsin Lutheran Seminary Library
  • John F. Brug, Why Bible-Believing Lutherans Subscribe to the Volume of Concord (classic case of a quia perspective)
  • Concordia Triglotta, past Theodore Graebner from the October 1921 Theological Monthly
  • "Concord, Book of". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.

English language versions online [edit]

  • 1851 Henkel Book of Hold first edition
  • Henkel Volume of Concord second edition
  • 1911 Jacobs "People's edition" Volume of Concord
  • 1921 Bente Concordia Triglotta English text
  • 1921 Bente Concordia Triglotta PDF
  • 1959 Tappert Book of Concord (Google books)
  • 2000 Kolb-Wengert Book of Concord (Google books)
  • The Christian Book of Concord public domain audiobook at LibriVox

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Concord

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